Efecto genotóxico y citotóxico del plomo en meristemos radiculares de dos variedades de Vicia faba L. y su relación con la domesticación

S. J. Garnica Acuña; Maritza López Herrera; L. Romero Bautista; M. Meza Sánchez

doi:10.47808/revistabioagro.v8i2.181

Authors

S. J. Garnica Acuña Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Maritza López Herrera Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
L. Romero Bautista Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
M. Meza Sánchez Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47808/revistabioagro.v8i2.181

Keywords:

heavy metal, broad bean, micronuclei, mitosis, bioindicator

Abstract

The environmental problems associated with the increase of heavy metals such as lead have promoted the search for efficient bioindicators; Vicia faba is one of the most used, however, its worldwide employ has led to the indiscriminate use of its wild and domesticated varieties, without considering the implications of the domestication process. For this reason, the objective of this research was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of lead in meristematic root cells in wild V. faba and variety Major (domesticated) seeds through the presence of micronuclei and the determination of the mitotic index, in order to know their responses to this metal and its relationship with domestication, as well as suggest the use as a bioindicator of the variety more sensitive. To do this, the root meristems were exposed to treatments with 0, 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 g L^-1 of lead acetate and stained with aceto-orcein; the frequency of micronuclei and the mitotic index were obtained per 1000 cells observed. The results obtained indicate that lead acetate has a differential genotoxic and cytotoxic effect between both varieties, being V. faba var. Major which has a high sensitivity to heavy metal, due to a loss of stress resistance, so its use as a bioindicator is suggested; while the wild seeds showed greater tolerance by having a low degree of domestication.

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